This study contributes to the literature on long-run tax avoidance causes and internal controls disclosures in developing countries. The results indicate that the implementation of more stringent internal controls does not inhibit the aggressive tax practices of Brazilian firms. We compared listed Brazilian firms with ADRs (treatment group) in comparison with their peer firms only listed in Brazil, or issuers of lower level ADRs not subject to SOX (control group). We measured tax aggressiveness according to the effective tax rate (ETR), long-run cash effective tax rate (CASH ETR) and the difference between book income and taxable income (BTD). In an environment of better internal controls, we would have more reliable information, restricting more abusive tax practices. The aim was to investigate whether the improvement of internal controls promoted by the adoption of SOX would have any impact on the propensity to be more tax aggressive. This paper investigates the effects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) on the tax aggressiveness of Brazilian firms that issued American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), in the period between 20. However, except in special cases, listing in the Corporate Governance Special Listing Segments and auditing by the Big Four do not assure less earnings management by operational decisions. The evidence from a sample of Brazilian firms suggests that listing on the São Paulo Stock Exchange´s Corporate Governance Special Listing Segments, which requires enhanced corporate governance practices, among other requirements, and auditing by one of the Big Four firms reduce in general earnings management by accounting choices, and that qualified opinion from auditor is an indicator of earnings management. In order to infer earnings manipulation by accounting choices and operational decisions, we investigate if firms that manage earnings through discretionary accruals also make operational decisions for the same purpose. Although there are some studies on earnings management by Brazilian companies, very few have examined the presence of operational decisions in this practice and none has addressed how to minimize this. Resolutioners often include: the fat person trying to do crunches 2) the skinny guy struggling to bench almost no weight at all and 3) the chick in front of the mirror waving around those adorable little pink dumbells.This article examines whether enhanced corporate governance practices, auditing by one of the Big Four and qualified auditors’ opinions, are associated with the propensity to engage in earnings management through accounting choices or operational decisions in Brazil. Resolutioners can most easily be identified by looking for the following: 1) brand new, color coordinated workout apparel 2) sweat bands and/or leather gloves 3) stylish off-the-shelf water bottle 4) bad form and lack of confidence around the machines. A Resolutioner may appear at any time, however, they are seen in increasing numbers during the months of December and January thanks to the ever popular tradition of declaring personal resolutions around the start of a new year (see New Year's Resolution). In the mean time, the Resolutioner succeeds only in crowding up the gym's limited floor space, sweating up the machines, and generally interfering with the workouts of more hardcore gym members. Proper noun muscle & fitness terminology a new or rarely seen gym member who's sudden appearance has undoubtedly been brought about by a personal resolution to "get in shape." The Resolutioner is viewed as somewhat of a nuisance by regular gym patrons because their commitment to fitness is often only temporary (usually fading within 2-8 weeks of initial sighting).
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